536
106316470016778155
Elizabeth96571402341092172694115486657738941042
S.2065714023496124
Budilarto224871402341162644324845937308899771132
Department965928014981156232313348384495569643679
of1681928014975112
Food1829928014954121196277
Science2142928014955124143218291360434
College9651072014989164183203277358433
of14351072014975111
Food15831072014953121196276
and18961072014981155235
Agriculture21681072014983164199219287362382418493528588
Dissertation9641515017098132193255344389431524566599689773
Title96417100122426696120184
Studies1839171201205084145213233298337
on22041712012065126
the2358171201203495160
Initial2545171201202384104138158226246
Stage2819171201205084152219284
of3131171201206597
Lipid3255171201204767135155223
Oxidation35061712012087135155223292326346411472
in4006171201202081
Bulk41141712012058119139189
Oils43311712012086106126165
Faculty9641865012248114178238262292350
Advisor13421865012274140196220264328360
Professor1839186701285287138168215255294346381
Afaf2243186701285888134164
Kamal-Eldin2430186701285298178226249279328351403426479
Defense9642020012270134162226286330394
Date13862020012270136166230
1518392022012055111
December19782022012074139204269362431496526
201425312022012056111167222
Abstract9642335012274140184214246312376406
During1839234109660108132148197251
the211223410963988140
oxidation2274234109665103119174228255271324373
of266923410966489
bulk2781234109666115131171
oils,29742341096658197128150
oxidation3146234109664103119174228255271324372
products354123410966690142197246298325356
(i.e.39192341096415780132154
peroxide4095234109666118143195233249304356
values,4473234109656111127176228259281
conjugated4776234109664116165181230284338365417472
dienes527023410966783135184236267
and5559234109667116171
thiobar-bituric575223410963988104156211265289316370386414462486502554
acid6328234109667119135189
reactive183924370962476130182209225270322
substances)218324370963584139170197251300352404435465
are267524370965478130
formed282724370963082106184236290
gradually314424370965478133188236291307323366
and3537243709654103158
increased371724370962170121145197252283335390
sharply412924370963584139163218234276
at443224370965582
the453624370963281133
end4691243709657105160
of487324370965783
the497824370963280132
induction513224370962170125173225252268321369
period.5528243709655107131147199254276
Tocopherols582624370963988139192246295347371423439470
were6323243709667119143194
consumed,1839253309652104153184233308360414437
some229825330963184159211
water2532253309666121148200224
was2779253309666121152
formed,295325330962678102179231286308
and3284253309655103158
micelles346525330967591143195211227279310
increased379725330961765117141193247279331385
in420425330961766
size42922533096324882134
during4448253309655104128144193247
the471725330962776128
induction486725330961766120169221248264316365
period5255253309654106131147199254
of553125330965378
vegetable563125330964597151203230285339355407
oils60612533096526884115
oxidized619925330965291107162178212264318
in183926290961665
bulk.1926262909665114130170192
The214026290964594146
evidence2308262909663107123178230279330382
that271226290963887142169
the290326290963887139
evolution3064262909662107159175224251267319368
of345426290966388
micellar357526290967591143195211227282306
size39032629096425892144
was4079262909667122153
in425426290962675
parallel4351262909666120144199215231283299
with468326290966682109158
the486326290963887139
end5024262909663112166
of521326290966388
induction532326290962675130179230258274326375
period5720262909665117141157210264
corroborates6007262909662114139163215269322346400427479510
the183927250962776128
recognition198927250964193145197251300316343359411460
that247127250964493148175
micelles2668272509692108160212228244296327
are301727250967296148
the318727250964493145
active3354272509672123151167211263
site36392725096486491143
of380427250967095
oxidation.3921272509670108124179234261277329378400
The4343272509651100152
interactions451727250963382109161185240292319335387436467
of500627250967095
α-tocopherol5123272509677104131183235287342391443467519535
and5680272509672120175
three587727250964593118169221
synergists:612027250964891140192216270286317344375397
ascorbyl183928210965586137190214268311327
palmitate,2188282109655109125200216243298325377399
phosphatidylcholine2609282109655103156187241290345372388443486502553602655671687735787
and3418282109655104158
L-lysine35992821096366379122153169217269
were3890282109667119143194
studied410728210963057106161177229283
in441328210961564
cod4499282109652104159
liver46802821096153176128152
oil,48542821096526884106
to498228210962779
examine508328210965290145220236285337
their544228210962776128144168
effects563128210965278103155207234265
on5917282109653102
formation604128210962577101178233260276328377
of644028210965277
thiobarbituric18392917096277692144199254278332348375424448464516
acid2376291709655106122177
reac-tive257529170962375130181208235251295347
substances.294529170963078133164191246294346398429451
Second341829170963991143195244299
order373829170965377131183207
polynomial3966291709655107123166215267342358413429
models4416291709675127182234250281
were4718291709667119143195
found493529170962476125174229
to518629170962678
satisfactorily528629170963085112128159184239291318370394410426469
represent577729170962375130154205236288337364
the616329170962775127
slope63122917096304699153205
of183930130965278
changes1937301309652100155204258310341
of229830130965277
conjugated2396301309651104153169217271326353405460
dienes,287630130965571123172224255277
thiobarbituric31753013096257490142197252276330346373422446462514
acid3709301309655107123177
reactive390830130962374129181208224268320
substances425030130963078133164191246294346398429
and4699301309655104159
α-tocopherol487830130966086114166218270325373425450502518
during5416301309655103127143192246
the568430130962574126
induc-tion583230130961463118167218245272288340389
period.6241301309655107131147200254276
The183931090963483135
suggested199631090962877131184236267295347401
optimized2417310909652107134150225241275327382
levels282131090961365109161177208
of304831090965378
the314831090962473125
four329531090962275123147
additives3462310909654109164180207223267319350
to383531090962476
protect393031090965579131158210262289
cod4238310909652104159
liver44193109096132974126150
oil45883109096526884
at469231090965481
30°C479331090964488120185
based4998310909654109140192247
on5264310909652101
the538731090962473125
rate553431090962276103155
of570931090965277
thiobarbituric58083109096247389142196251275329345373421445461513
acid6340310909655107123177
reactive183932050962476130182209225270322
substances218332050962876131162189244292344396427
formation26323205096227599176231258274326375
and3026320509655103158
loss32063205096136697128
of335332050965277
α-tocopherol344932050966087114166218270325374426450502518
(day398932050962681136179
04187320509644
to425332050962476
4)434832050964574
are444132050965579131
α-tocopherol459132050966086113166217270324373425449501517
(1200513032050962771115160204
μg/g),5353320509646100135189218240
ascorbyl561232050965586138190214269312328
palmitate5959320509654109125200216243298325377
(100635832050962671115159
μg/g),1839330109646100135189218240
phosphatidylcholine2105330109654103156187241290345372388442485501553602654670686735787
at291733010965582
(9000302133010963377122166210
μg/g)3254330109649103138192221
and3500330109655104159
L-lysine36813301096406783125156172221273
(1000397633010963378122166210
μg/g).4209330109649103138192221243
Higher447833010965470124173225249
level474933010961971116168184
of495833010965278
α-tocopherol506133010966086114166218270325374426450502518
and5604330109655103158
ascorbyl578833010965485137189213268311327
palmitate6140330109655110126201217244298325377
did183933970965571126
not1987339709654106133
give214233970965975119171
better2341339709654106133160212236
protections260533970965478130157209261288304357406437
to306433970963284
the317033970963381133
oils33253397096587490121
or346833970965782
caused3572339709656111160191243298
a3897339709654
loss397433970962173104135
in413133970962170
the422333970963281133
antioxidant4383339709655104131147199238254308363412439
efficacy,484433970965782102121173228279322344
compared5211339709656109184238293317369424
to565733970963284
when5768339709667116168216
the600733970963281133
additives6167339709654109164180207223267319350
were1839349309666118143194
added2055349309669124179231285
at236334930966896
lower248134930963082149201225
levels.272834930963082126178194225247
Phosphatidylcholine2998349309661110162193248297351378394449492508560609661677693742794
was3814349309681135166
effective400234930966792117169221248264308360
at438434930966996
a4502349309669
wide459334930968197152204
range481934930963893141195247
of508834930966792
high520234930966379133182
concentration5406349309666118167219271319346371425452468521570
while5998349309680129145161213
L-lysine62333493096517894137168184232284
improved183935890961691146170222266318373
the223435890963180132
pro-tection239235890965579131158185237288316332384433
at285135890965582
levels295535890962072116168184215
up3192358909653108
to332235890963183
4000342835890964892137181
μg/g.3631358909650104139193215
Research9203868017081171232322414459549633
Relevance15923868017081171204294372465549638728
and23593868017093177269
Potential26673868017079168210300384426459552585
Impact32923868017039170263355445487
The92041210963483135
oxidation107741210965291107162216243259312361
of146041210965277
lipids15594121096163287103158189
is177041210961647
a1839412109655
very191641210964496120163
important210141210961691146198223250304353380
reaction250341210962476131182210226278327
in285241210961665
foods293941210962577130185216
and3177412109654103158
biological335741210965571123139192245261313368384
systems376341210963174105132184259290
and4075412109655104159
its42564121096164374
implications435241210961691146162178229284311327380428459
extend483441210965290117169218273
from512941210962549101176
rancidity532741210962479128179195250266293336
in568541210961665
foods577241210962678130185216
to601041210962780
atherosclerosis92042170965582131183207259290341357409434486517533564
and1506421709655103158
other168642170965380129181205
complications1913421709652104179234250266317372399415468516547
in248342170961664
the256942170962876128
human272042170964897172227275
body.3018421709654107161204226
Understanding3267421709652101156208232263290344393448464513567
the385642170962776128
mechanism4006421709675127179228282331347378453
of448142170965378
lipid45814217096163286102157
oxidation476042170965391107162217244260312361
is514342170961647
important521242170961691146198222250304353380
for561442170962578102
the573842170962776128
control5888421709652104153180204256272
and6182421709655104158
management920431309675130178233287339414466515542
of148443130965278
this15844313096277692123
reaction.172943130962476130182209225277326348
For210043130963891115
about2237431309655109162210237
half2497431309648103119144
a2663431309655
decade,2740431309655107159213268320342
the310443130962776128
explanation325443130965291145161216265319347363415464
of374043130965277
the384043130962776128
initiation,39904313096166581108124178205221274323345
propagation,435743130965479130185240293348375391444492515
and4894431309654103158
termination507443130962779103180196245300327343395444
of554043130965378
lipid56404313096163287103157
oxidation582043130965290106161216243259311360
reactions620243130962476131182210226278327358
was920440909666121152
based1094440909655110141193247
on1364440909652101
the148744090962776128
free163744090962549101153
radical181244090962479133149201256272
mechanism.2106440909675127179228282331347378453475
The260344090963583135
research276144090962475106158213237288337
presented312044090965579130161213262289341396
in353844090961665
this36254409096277692123
thesis377044090962876128159175206
focuses399944090962577129177209261292
on4313440909652101
the443644090962776128
involvement458644090961665109162178222274349401450477
of508544090965378
micelles518544090967591143195211227279310
in551744090961665
the560444090962776128
catalysis5754440909652106133188204247278294325
of610144090965378
lipid62014409096163286102157
oxidation92045050965291107162216243259312361
and1303450509654103158
the148345050962776128
explanation163345050965291145161216265319346362415464
of211945050965277
the221845050962876128
role23684505096257692144
of253545050965277
different26344505096557196122174198249298325
chemical2981450509652101153228244296350366
species337045050963185137189205257288
on3680450509652101
the380345050962876128
reaction395445050962475130182209225277326
rate.430245050962479106158180
This45044505096348399130
new4656450509649101168
understanding484645050964897152204228259286341390444460509563
will54314505096678399115
open5568450509652107159208
doors5798450509655107159184215
to603545050962779
tailoring61364505096288298114167191207255309
of646745050965378
innovative92046010961665114166210265292308352404
antioxidant1347460109654103130146199237253308362411438
and1807460109655104159
synergistic198846010963174123175199252268300327343394
strategies.24054601096315882136164216269285337368391
Relevant9204804017081171204294372465549591
Publications15504804017078162255288322412504546580669753815
•920505709648
Budilarto101350570964694149165181236260287339
E.137550570964265
and1462505709654103158
Kamal-Eldin1642505709647102177232248274317333388404453
A.211750570965981
The222050570963583135
Supramolecular237850570963988143167221296349365417468517533588612
Chemistry3012505709665114166241257288315339382
of341650570965378
Lipid351650570963753107123178
Oxidation3716505709670108124179234261277329378
and4116505709655104158
Antioxidation4297505709659108135151203241257312367394410462511
in483050570961665
Bulk491750570964695111151
Oils.509050570967086102133155
Accepted,5267505709659111163215269297349403425
European571550570964391115167222274328377
Journal611450570963991140164214269285
of642150570965378
Lipid100951530963753107123178
Science120951530964092108160209260312
and1543515309655104159
Technology,172451530963482134183231284300352406449471
2015.221751530964489133177200
DOI:2439515309659129147169
10.1002/ejlt.201400200.263051530964589111155200244288323375391407435457501545590634678723767811856878
•920530909648
Budilarto101353090964694149165181236260287339
E.137553090964265
and1462530909654103158
Kamal-Eldin1642530909647102177232248274317333388404453
A.,211753090965981103
Stabilization224353090963967121176192208224258312340356408457
of272253090965277
cod2822530909651104159
liver30035309096163276128152
oil31775309096536985
with328453090966682109158
a3464530909655
quaternary3541530909655103158185237261312366390433
combination3996530909652104180234250299354381397449498
of451653090965278
α-tocopherol4616530709760467653090962754106158210265314366390442458
and5156530909654103158
synergists:533653090963174123175199253269300327358380
Method5738530909674126153202254309
of606953090965378
assessment.100954050965485116168199230305357406433456
Accepted,1487540509659111162214269296348403425
European193454050964392116168222274329378
Journal233454050963991140164214269285
of264154050965277
Lipid274154050963652107123178
Science294154050964092108160208260312
and3275540509655104159
Technology,345654050963482134182231284300352406449471
2015.394954050964489133177199
DOI:4171540509659129147169
10.1002/ejlt.201400637.436254050964489111155200244288323375391407434457501545590634678723767811856878
•920556109648
Budilarto101355610964694149165181236260287339
E.137555610964265
and1462556109654103158
Kamal-Eldin1642556109647102177232248274317333388404453
A.,211755610965981103
Water2243556109676127154206230
content2495556109652105153180232281308
and2826556109654103158
micelle300655610967591143195211227279
size33075561096314781133
change3462556109652101155204258310
during3794556109655104128144192246
oxidation406255610965391107162217244260312361
of444555610965378
sunflower454555610963180128148167220286338362
and4929556109655104158
canola5110556109651106155207223278
oils.54105561096526884115138
Accepted,5570556109659111163215269296348403425
European601755610964392116168222274329378
Journal100956570963891139163214268284
of131656570965277
Lipid141556570963753108124179
Science161656570964091107159208260312
and1950565709655103158
Technology,213056570963483134183232284300353407449472
2015.262456570964488133177199
DOI:2845565709660129147170
10.1002/ejlt.201400632.303756570964488111155199244288323375391407434456501545589634678722767811855877
Career92059320170109202246336426470
Aspirations143059320170103165257291336428470504593677739
I920618509618
would960618509667119168184239
like12216185096163272124
to136761850962780
work1469618509666119143183
in167461850961665
scientific17616185096318399151200227243262282333
based2117618509654109140192247
work2386618509666119143183
or259161850965277
projects,269061850965478130146198250277308331
either30436185096526895144196220
in328561850961665
the337261850962776128
academics,3522618509655106161216268343359411442464
a4008618509655
research408561850962475106158213237288337
institution44446185096166596123139166215242258310359
or482561850965377
an4924618509655104
industry.505061850961664119168199226250293315
I5387618509618
would5428618509666118167183238
like56886185096163272124
to583461850962880
apply5936618509655109164180223
the618161850962776128
knowledge92062810964089141208224276331384436
that137962810962776130157
I1558628109619
have1599628109649103147199
learned182162810961668122146197249304
to214762810962779
do2248628109655108
research,237862810962475106158213237288337359
find27596281096203988143
solutions292462810963184100148175191244293324
and3270628109654103158
create345062810965276128182209261
safer373462810963185110162186
healthier3943628109648100155171198247263315339
food430462810962578130185
products.451162810965579131185234286313344366