456
166316470016778155
Rkia9586990234158323375513
El-kharrag15296990234108217267431579717875103411711316
Department958913014981156232313348384495569643679
of1674913014975112
Biology182291301495372147167242323383
College9581057014989164183203277358433
of14281057014975111
Science15761057014954123143217291360434
Dissertation9571481017098132193255344389431524566599689773
Title95716760122426696120184
Development18681678012074139194260280345413507572633667
of2563167801206597
a26871678012068
Therapeutic27831678012043104169199267335400461495515580
Model33901678012092158226291311
of3729167801206697
Early38541678012053122152172225
Liver4107167801204666122187217
Cancer43511678012082150211276341371
Using47501678012065104124185252
Crocin-Coated50301678012081111177241261322356437502571605670738
Magnetite57961678012092160227288353387407441506
Nano-particles18671798012074142203269302370439469503522587607672711
Faculty9571951012248114178238262292350
Advisor13351951012274140196220264328360
Prof.1867195301205989154186213
Amr21081953012074168198
Amin23341953012074168188249
Defense9572106012270134162226286330394
Date13792106012270136166230
2118672108012055111
April20062108012073142172192212
201522462108012055110166221
Abstract9572421012274140184214246312376406
Hepatocellular1867242809655107161216243295347399415431480496550574
carcinoma2458242809652107131182198247299374429
is290924280961041
one2967242809653101153
of313724280965278
the323724280962170122
most3376242809675127158185
common3578242809652104179254307355
health3950242809649101156172199247
problems421424280965579131185201253328359
that459624280962170125152
is477024280961042
difficult48282428096557196116135187236252279
to512924280962174
treat.52252428096224697152179201
As544324280965990
a5550242809654
result562724280961870101150166193
of583624280965378
the593624280962270122
side60812428096254196148
effects624624280965277102154206233264
frequently186725240962549101155204256305332348391
experienced228025240965694149201225241293342394446500
with280725240966682109158
conventional2987252409656108157202254302329345398447501517
cancer3526252409656111160211263288
treatments,383625240963155107161188263315364391422445
there430325240963180132156207
has4532252409653108139
been4697252409655107159208
a4931252409654
growing501225240965478130196212261315
interest53492524096206996148172224255282
to565325240963184
develop5763252409655107151203219271326
controlled6111252409656108157184208260276292344399
drug186726200965579128181
delivery2071262009655107123139183235260302
system239626200963274105133185260
that267826200962877131158
can2859262009652107156
reduce303726200962576131180232284
the334326200962876128
mortality3495262009675127151178233249265292335
rate385226200962580107159
of403426200965277
liver41332620096173378130154
cancer4310262009651106155207259283
pa-tients4616262009654109135163179231279307338
and4977262009654103158
un-harm515826200964997124173227251329
healthy5510262009648100155171198247290
tissues.58222620096284475106155207238260
Magnetite6105262009674128182231283310326353405
nanoparticles1867271609649103152205259314338365381433449501532
are242127160966993145
potentially2588271609669122149201250277293347363379422
important3033271609630105160212236263318367394
in344927160963180
hepatocellular3551271609663115170224251304356408424440488504559583
carcinoma4156271609667121145196212261314389443
treatment,462227160964165117172199274326375402424
since506827160964662111162214
they530427160964291143186
can5512271609666121170
be5704271609669121
used584727160966495147202
as6071271609669100
delivery6193271609670122138154198250274317
system.186728120963174105132184259281
Pure2170281209652101125177
and2373281209655103158
coated2553281209656109164191243297
magnetite2877281209675130183232284311327354406
nanoparticles3306281209653107156209263318342369385437453505536
were3868281209667119143194
synthesized408528120963578127154203255286302336388442
via455028120964864119
modified4695281209675128183199218238290344
co-precipitation5062281209656108135189213265317333387403430485512528581629
method5718281209675127154203255310
in605028120962069
air61462812096547094
at626728120965582
low637128120962073139
temperature.186729080962779154209261285339367415439491513
Various2402290809663109133149201250281
reaction270529080963082137188216232284333
param-eters3060290809661115139194269296348375427451482
and3564290809661110164
coating3751290809657110164192208256310
materials4090290809675129156208232248303319350
have4462290809655110154206
been4690290809661113165214
investigated492629080962271115167198225241295350377429484
and5432290809661110164
characterized.5619290809657106161185240291318370395411445497551574
Among6221290809659134186235289
these186730040962776128159211
parameters2102300409654109133188263315342394418449
and2575300409655103158
coat-ing2757300409652104159186213229278331
materials,3112300409675130157209233249304320351373
1.0350730040964669113
%3644300409662
of373030040965277
dextran3831300409655107146173197251300
was4155300409667121152
selected432930040963385101153205232284339
as469230040965586
an4802300409654103
optimum4929300409652107134150225274349
coating5302300409652104159186202251304
for562930040962679103
nanoparticles5756300409649103152204259314338365381433449501532
using63123004096487995144198
a1867310009655
slow194431000963854106173
feeding213931000963284136191207256310
rate247131000963186113165
for265831000963284109
the278931000963483135
Fe2+/Fe3+294631000964698142190225264316361409
reactants,337731000963183138189217271320347378400
maintaining3807310009675129145194221276292341357405459
the428831000963583135
stirring44463100096386581105129145194248
and4716310009661110165
soaking490331000963891145185201250304
temperatures522931000963486162216268292347374423447498529
at578031000966289
60°C.589131000965296128193215
After613631000965984111163187
that634531000963583138165
dex-tran-coated1867319609655107145172199223278326353405457512539591646
magnetite2544319609675129183232284311327354406
nanoparticles2972319609658112161214268323347374390442458510541
were3544319609666118142194
bound3760319609664116165213268
to405031960963689
crocin,416131960966084137188204253275
a4458319609664
pharmacologically4544319609663112167191268323375427443495549565617672688704746
active5313319609663115142158202254
component5589319609661113188243295344396445472
of608331960966187
saf-fron,619231960964094119146171195247296318
via186732920964460115
cross-linker.200432920965276128159190217233249298338390414430
Crocin245732920966589141192208257
alone273732920965470123171223
has2983329209649103134
shown313932920963280133199248
anti-cancer3409329209655104131147174225280329380432457
activity3888329209654106133149194210237280
in419032920961665
different42773292096557196121173198249298325
in462432920961665
vitro47113292096456188112164
and4897329209655104159
in507832920961665
vivo516532920964460105157
settings534432920963284111138154203256288
by565432920965497
several577332920963284128180204259275
studies.607032920963158107162178230261283
The637532920963483135
aim186733880965571146
of203433880965277
this21343388096267490121
study227833880963057105160203
was2502338809667121152
to267733880962678
synthesize277733880963073122149198250281297331383
dextran-coated3181338809655107145172196251300326378431485512564619
magnetite3821338809675130184233285312328355407
nanoparticles4249338809649103152205259314338365381433449501532
con-taining4802338809652104153179207261277326342391445
crocin526833880965276128179195244
with553333880966783110159
a5713338809655
higher578933880964965118167219243
therapeutic605433880962675127151206261313361388404456
index186734840961665120172210
for209934840962376100
hepatocellular2219348409649101156210237290341393409425474490545569
carcinoma2808348409652107131182198247299374429
treatment.325934840962549101156183258310358386408
The368934840963281133
nanoparticles3842348409649104152205259314338365381433449501532
with439434840966783110159
crocin457334840965276128180196244
were4838348409666118142194
tested505434840962577108136188242
in531934840961462
vitro54023484096446087111163
and5586348409654103158
in576634840961463
vivo584934840964561105157
for60293484096237599
their615134840962574126142166
anticancer63373484096551031301461867358009652106155207259283
effects217235800965984109161213240271
as246535800966192
compared2579358009659111186241295319371426
to302735800963486
free313535800963256107159
crocin.331635800965983135187203251274
HepG23612358009661113167237281
cells3916358009658110126142173
treated411135800963458109164191243298
with443735800966783110159
crocin-dextran-coated461835800965882134186202251277332384423450474528577604656708763790842897
magnetite5543358009675130184232284312328355407
nanoparticles5972358009655110158211265320344371387439455507538
showed186736760963180132199251306
a2195367609659
decrease2282367609655107158182234289320372
in267636760962170
cell2768367609657109125141
proliferation293136760966084136152168193245269324351367420468
compared3421367609657110185239294318370425
to386836760963284
control3975367609657109158185209261277
(non-treated427436760963584136185211238263314369396448503
cells)4799367609657109125141172201
or502336760965781
to512636760963385
those523336760963381134165217
treated547236760963256108163190242297
with579636760966682109158
free597636760963155106158
crocin615736760965781133184200249
or642836760965882
dextran-coated1867377209655107145172196251300326378431485512564619
nanoparti-cles.2508377209654109157210264319343370386413465481533564586
The311637720963988140
anti-cancer3283377209654103130146173225279328380432456
activity3766377209655106133149194210237280
of406837720965782
crocin-dextran-coated417337720965680132184200249275330382421448472527575602654706761788840895
nanoparticles5090377209653108157209264318343370386437453505536
was5654377209666121152
also583337720965470101154
evaluated6009377209657101156172221275302354409
in644037720962170
Balb/c1867386809646101117171206258
mice.215038680967591143195217
These238938680963886138169221
mice263638680967591142194
were2856386809666118142194
injected30723868096196884136188215267322
with341938680966783110159
carcinogenic3603386809652106131182198247299353405454470521
agent,4150386809654108160209236258
diethylnitrosamine.443338680965571123150199242258307323350374426457512587603652704726
Histological518438680965571102129181197250304320371426442
examination565138680965291145220236285340367383435484
revealed615738680962879124176230246298353
several186739640963183127179203258274
precancerous216339640966387138190245294345397421473522553
changes.2738396409660109163212266318349371
The313139640964291143
immunohistochemical329639640962499174223271324373389420447499551600652727743795849865
analysis4183396409663112166182225256272303
using450839640965788104153207
antibodies4737396409662111138154209261316332384415
indication517439640962473127143195250277293345394
of559039640966086
cell5698396409659111127143
pro-liferation586339640966387139166182198223275299353381397449498
(Ki67),638339640963784100186740600964489118140
apoptosis2029406009665120172227254307338354385
(M30-Cytodeath2436406009640113157202228293336363416471523577604653
and3111406009665114169
Bcl-2),3302406009656108124151195224247
inflammation35714060096267594114168243318373400416469517
(cyclooxygenase-2)411140600963991134186202254307345388442494543597628680707751781
and4914406009665114168
angiogen-esis5105406009664113167183236289341390417469500516547
(vascular567440600964084139170222270286341365
endothelial6061406009662111166218246294346362378433449
growth186741560965478130196224272
factor),216241560963488140167220244273295
indicated248041560962573128144196251278330385
that288741560963685139167
magnetite3085415609675130183232284311327354406
nanoparticles3514415609657112161213268322347374390441457509540
conjugated4077415609661113162178227280335362414469
with457741560966783110159
dextran4758415609664116154181205260309
plus508941560966480128159
crocin527041560966185137189205254
does5546415609664116168200
indeed576841560962574128180232287
improve6077415609625101155179231276328
its64274156096255283
anti-tumorigenic1867425209655103131147173200249324376400416470522571587639
activity2524425209655107134150194210237280
over282342520965296148172
free30174252096224698150
crocin.318542520965276128180196244267
These347442520963079131162214
results371042520962072103152168195226
provide395442520965579131176192246298
the427442520962473125
basis4417425209655109140156187
for46274252096217397
designing4743425209655107138154208256272321375
new5136425209649101168
modalities5322425209675128182237253269296312364395
for57394252096227498
treatment585942520962448100154181256308357384
of626242520965277
liver63614252096132973125149
cancer1867434809652106155207259283
which2176434809666115131183231
could2433434809652104153169223
hopefully2679434809652104159211236285301317359
reduce306143480962779133182234286
its33694348096194677
high346943480965268122170
mortality3665434809675127151179233249265292335
rate.402243480962882110162184
Research9134538017081171232322414459549633
Relevance15854538017081171204294372465549638728
and23524538017093177269
Potential26604538017079168210300384426459552585
Impact32854538017039170263355445487
Liver9134791096375397149173
cancer1109479109651106155206258283
is141447910961647
among1483479109655130182231285
the179047910962776128
leading194047910961668123177193242296
causes2258479109652107155186238269
of254947910965378
cancer-related2649479109652106155207259283310334385401456483535590
death3261479109655107161189237
at352047910965582
UAE3624479109653112155
and3801479109655103158
worldwide.3981479109667119143159214281297351403426
As442947910965990
diagnosis454147910965571126179228281312328359
and4922479109655103158
therapy510247910962776128152207262304
continue5429479109651104153180196244293345
to579647910962780
rep-resent589847910962475130157181232263315364391
major913488709675130146198222
challenges,1158488709651100155171187239288341393424447
in162748870961665
this17144887096277692123
thesis185948870962776128159175206
we2087488709666118
encapsulated2228488709652100152207261292341357412439491546
a2796488709654
major2873488709675129146198222
bioactive311748870965571123178230257273317369
principal35084887096557995144195211266321337
(crocin)386748870962981105157209225274303
of419248870965378
the429248870962776128
commonly4442488709652104179254307355371414
used487948870964879131186
spice508748870963186102154206
“saffron”531548870964071126151176200252301340
in567748870961665
magnetite5764488709675129183232284311327354406
nanoparticles.913498309649103152205259314338365381433449501532554
Those148949830963483135166218
crocin-loaded173049830965175127179195244271287339394448500555
nanoparticles2307498309649104153205260314338365381433449501532
inhibited286149830961665114130185201228280334
cell3218498309651103119135
division337649830965470115131162178230279
of367749830965278
liver37774983096163276128152
cells3951498309652104120136167
of414049830965378
cancer-induced4240498309652106155207259283310326374429478530582636
mice489949830967591142194
and5115498309655104159
in529649830961665
human538349830964997172227276
liver56814983096163276128152
cancer5855498309652107156207259284
cell6161498309651103119135
line.63194983096163280132155
They91350790963483135178
also111350790965571102154
unregulated128950790964998122173227276292346374426480
cell1792507909651103119135
death1949507909655107162189238
and2209507909655103158
reduced238950790962476131179231283338
inflammation27495079096166584104158233309363390406459507
and3279507909654103158
angiogenesis3459507909655103157173226280332380432463479510
more3992507909675127151203
efficiently42175079096527796116168184236284312328370
than461050790962776130179
crocin481150790965276128180196245
alone.507850790965470123172224246
Thus,534650790963483131162185
our5553507909652101125
engineered5700507909652101155171219271323348399454
crocinnanoparticles617650790965276128180196244913517509649103152205259314338365381433449501532
is146751750961647
expected153651750965291145197249276328383
to194151750962780
have2043517509648103147199
a2265517509654
potential2341517509655107134186235262278333349
clinical27125175096526884133149201255271
impact300551750961691146201252279
against3307517509654108163179228259286
liver36155175096163276128152
cancer.3789517509652107156207259283300