Scientific Information
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped β-coronavirus, with a genetic sequence very similar to SARS-CoV-1 (80%) and bat coronavirus RaTG13 (96.2%).
The viral envelope is coated by spike glycoprotein, envelope, and membrane proteins. Host cell binding and entry are mediated by the S protein. The first step in infection is virus binding to a host cell through its target receptor. The S1 sub-unit of the S protein contains the receptor binding domain that binds to the peptidase domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2).
In SARS-CoV-2 the S2 sub-unit is highly preserved and is considered a potential antiviral target.
Immune response to the virus and its role in protection
Covid-19 leads to an antibody response to a range of viral proteins, but the spike protein and nucleocapsid are those most often used in serological diagnosis. Few antibodies are detectable in the first four days of illness, but patients progressively develop them, with most achieving a detectable response after four weeks. A wide range of virus-neutralising antibodies have been reported, and emerging evidence suggests that these may correlate with severity but wane over time.
Genomic studies and blood type
A genome wide study confirms previous studies indicating that a gene cluster on chromosome 3 is associated with severe COVID-19 disease. The study also confirms a potential involvement of blood type genes: A would be associated to a higher risk while O would have a protective effect.
Likewise, an analysis performed in Denmark compared 7422 individuals that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 to a reference population of over 2.2 million individuals. The findings also suggest that patients belonging to blood group O had a slightly lower risk of infection, but not of hospitalization or death.
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped β-coronavirus, with a genetic sequence very similar to
SARS-CoV-1 (80%) and bat coronavirus RaTG13 (96.2%).
The viral envelope is coated by spike glycoprotein, envelope, and membrane proteins.
Host cell binding and entry are mediated by the S protein. The first step in infection
is virus binding to a host cell through its target receptor. The S1 sub-unit of the
S protein contains the receptor binding domain that binds to the peptidase domain
of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2).
In SARS-CoV-2 the S2 sub-unit is highly preserved and is considered a potential antiviral
target.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7098030/
Immune response to the virus and its role in protection
Covid-19 leads to an antibody response to a range of viral proteins, but the spike protein and nucleocapsid are those most often used in serological diagnosis. Few antibodies are detectable in the first four days of illness, but patients progressively develop them, with most achieving a detectable response after four weeks. A wide range of virus-neutralising antibodies have been reported, and emerging evidence suggests that these may correlate with severity but wane over time. https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3862
Genomic studies and blood type
A genome wide study confirms previous studies indicating that a gene cluster on chromosome
3 is associated with severe COVID-19 disease. The study also confirms a potential
involvement of blood type genes: A would be associated to a higher risk while O would
have a protective effect.
Likewise, an analysis performed in Denmark compared 7422 individuals that tested positive
for SARS-CoV-2 to a reference population of over 2.2 million individuals. The findings
also suggest that patients belonging to blood group O had a slightly lower risk of
infection, but not of hospitalization or death.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2020283
Covid 19 varients
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